Detailansicht
Optically Anomalous Crystals
ISBN/EAN: 9789048173310
Umbreit-Nr.: 1586524
Sprache:
Englisch
Umfang: vii, 277 S., 16 s/w Illustr., 22 farbige Illustr.,
Format in cm:
Einband:
kartoniertes Buch
Erschienen am 19.10.2010
Auflage: 1/2007
- Zusatztext
- Inhaltsangabe1. Crystal Optics 1.1. Introduction to Crystal Optics in Transmitted Light 1.1.1. Light in Isotropic Media 1.1.2. Light in Anisotropic Medium: Linear Birefringence 1.1.3. Symmetry of the Optical Indicatrix 1.1.4. Other Linear Optical Phenomena 1.1.5. Composition, Structure, and Optics 1.2. Characterizing the Optical Indicatrix 1.3. Definition of Optical Anomalies in Terms of the Indicatrix 1.4. Anomalies of Obvious Etiology 1.4.1. Gross Compositional Inhomogeneity 1.4.2. Macroscopic Deformations of Crystals 1.5. Abundance of Optical Anomalies 2. Stress Induced Optical Anomalies 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Phenomenological Description of Piezooptic Effects 2.2.1. Piezooptic and Elastooptic Coefficients 2.2.2. Piezooptic Phenomena in Amorphous Solids 2.2.3. Piezooptic Phenomenon in Cubic Crystals 2.2.4. Piezooptic Phenomenon in Uniaxial Crystals 2.2.5. The General Case 2.2.6. Example: Piezooptic Effect in PbMoO4 2.3. Numerical Estimations of Stress and Stress-Induced Optical Anomalies 2.4. Sources of Stress 2.5. Inclusions 2.6. Dislocations 2.6.1. Single Dislocations 2.6.2. Dislocation Ensembles 2.6.3. Macroblocks, Grain, and Twin Boundaries 2.7. Thermoelasticity and Thermoplasticity 2.8. Compositional Heterometry 2.8.1. What is Heterometry? 2.8.2. Zoning 2.8.3. Growth Sector Zoning 2.8.4. Sub-Sector Zoning 2.8.5. Effect of Growth Conditions on the Stress-Induced Optical Anomalies 3. Kinetic Ordering-Disordering 3.1. Introduction 3.1.1. Kinetic Ordering 3.1.2. Kinetic Disordering 3.2. Crystal Symmetry 3.2.1. The Neumann-Curie Principle 3.2.2. Application of Group Theory 3.3. Optical Inhomogeneity of Crystals 3.3.1. Sector Zoning 3.3.2. Sub-Sector Zoning 3.3.3. Sector Zoning vs Sub-Sector zoning 3.3.4. Concentric Zoning 3.3.5. Anomalous Progression of Anomalous Birefringence 3.4. Kinetic Ordering and Crystal Structure 3.4.1. Experimental Analyses 3.4.2. Desymmetrization by X-Ray Diffraction 3.4.3. Kinetic Ordering and the Optical Indicatrix 3.4.4. Kinetic Ordering and Anomalous Pleochroism 3.4.5. Metastability of Kinetic Ordering 3.4.6. Kinetic Ordering vs. Structure of the Growing Surface 3.4.7. Relaxation by Diffusion 3.5. Factors Affecting Growth Ordering 3.5.1. Crystal Composition 3.5.2. Composition of Growth Medium 3.5.3. Temperature and Pressure 3.5.4. Growth Rate 3.5.5. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer 4. Heterogeneous Crystals 4.1. Optics of Heterogeneous Crystals 4.2. Optically Homogeneous Systems 4.2.1. Inclusions 4.2.2. Optically Homogeneous Heterostructures 4.2.3. Heterostructures of Polytype Modifications 4.2.4. The Reverse Problem for the Polytype Intergrowths 4.2.5. Polysynthetic Twinning 4.2.6. Ex-Solution Structures 4.2.7. Syntaxy 4.2.8. Chaotic Misorientation of Components 4.3. Optically Heterogeneous Systems 4.3.1. Introduction 4.3.2. Isogyres 4.3.3. Isochromes 4.3.4. Modeling Distorted Conoscopic Figures 4.3.5. Calculation of the Distorted Conoscopic Figures: Some Examples 4.3.6. Distorted Conoscopic Figures as a Characteristic of Crystal Inhomogeneity 4.4. Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales 5. Superimposition of Optical Anomalies 5.1. General Remarks 5.2. Internal Stress 5.2.1. Composit
- Kurztext
- Optical anomalies in crystals are puzzles that collectively constituted the greatest unsolved problems in crystallography in the 19th Century. The most common anomaly is a discrepancy between a crystal's symmetry as determined by its shape or by X-ray analysis, and that determined by monitoring the polarization state of traversing light. These discrepancies were perceived as a great impediment to the development of the sciences of crystals on the basis of Curie's Symmetry Principle, the grand organizing idea in the physical sciences to emerge in the latter half of the 19th Century. Optically Anomalous Crystals begins with an historical introduction covering the contributions of Brewster, Biot, Mallard, Brauns, Tamman, and many other distinguished crystallographers. From this follows a tutorial in crystal optics. Further chapters discuss the two main mechanisms of optical dissymmetry: 1. the piezo-optic effect, and 2. the kinetic ordering of atoms. The text then tackles complex, inhomogeneous crystals, and the complex optical properties resulting from the superposition of anomalies having various etiologies. The book treats the literature comprehensively, but uses illustrations from the authors' laboratories as the subjects of detailed analyses. This is an invaluable text for crystallographers, mineralogists, and petrologists interested in the growth of minerals and synthetic crystals, and their optical properties. It is also ideally suited to students of optical mineralogy, professional scientists and engineers as well as historians of science.